Publications

Publications, peer reviewed Original Research:


  1. Slipman CW, Plastaras CT, Palmitier RA, Huston CW, Sterenfeld EB: “Symptom Provocation of Fluoroscopically Guided Cervical Nerve Root Stimulation: Are Dynatomal Maps Identical to Dermatomal Maps?” Spine 23(20): 2235-42, October 15 1998.


  1. Slipman CW, Lipetz JS, Plastaras CT, Jackson HB, Yang ST, Meyer AM: “Therapeutic zygapophyseal joint injections for headaches emanating from the C2-3 joint.”American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 80(3): 182-188, March 2001.


  1. Roth EJ, Plastaras CT, Mullin MS, Fillmore J, Moses ML: “A Simple Institutional Educational Intervention to Decrease Use of Selected Expensive Medications” Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 82 (5): 633-636, May 2001.


  1. Slipman CW, Lipetz JS, Plastaras CT, Jackson HB, Vresilovic EJ, Lenrow DA, Braverman DL: “Fluoroscopically guided therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections for sacroiliac joint syndrome” American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 80(6): 425-32, June 2001.


  1. Slipman CW, Lipetz JS, Jackson HB, Plastaras CT, Vresilovic EJ: “Outcomes of therapeutic selective nerve root blocks for whiplash induced cervical radicular pain” Pain Physician 4(2): 167-174, 2001.


  1. Slipman CW, Plastaras C, Patel R, Isaac Z, Chow D, Garvan C, Pauza K, Furman M “Provocative cervical discography symptom mapping” The Spine Journal, 5(4): 381-388, July-August 2005.


  1. Akuthota V, Plastaras C, Lindberg K, Tobey, J, Press J, Garvan C “The Effect of Long-Distance Bicycling on Ulnar and Median Nerves: An Electrophysiologic Evaluation of Cyclist Palsy” American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(8), 2005.


  1. Plastaras C, Heller D, Sorosky B, Houle T. “Pain reproduction during lumbosacral transforaminal epidural steroid injection does not affect outcome” Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 19(2-3): 57 – 60, 2006.


  1. Plastaras CT, Marciniak CM, Sipple DP, D'Amore KG, Garvan C, Zaman SM: Effect of interelectrode distance on sural nerve action potential parameters. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 87(3):183-188, March 2008.


  1. Fasen J, O'Connor A, Schwartz S, Watson J, Plastaras C, Garvan C, Bulcao C, Johnson S, Akuthota V. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hamstring Stretching: Comparison of Four Techniques. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 23(2):660-667, March 2009.


  1. McLean JP, Sigler JD, Plastaras CT, Garvan CW, Rittenberg JD. The Rate of Detection of Intravascular Injection in Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections With and Without Digital Subtraction Angiography. PM&R Journal. 1(7): 636-642, July 2009.

  2. Plastaras CT, Casey E, Goodman BS, Chou L, Roth D, Rittenberg J, Inadvertent Intradiscal Contrast Flow During Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections: A Case Series Examining the Prevalence of Intradiscal Injection as well as Potential Associated Factors and Adverse Events. Pain Medicine. 2010; 11: 1765–1773.

  3. Smuck M, Maxwell MD, MD, Kennedy DJ, Rittenberg JD, Lansberg MG, Plastaras CT. Utility of the anesthetic test dose to avoid catastrophic injury during cervical transforaminal epidural injections. The Spine Journal 10 (2010) 857–864.

  4. Fitzgerald CM, Plastaras C, Mallinson T. “A Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of Pubic Symphysis Corticosteroid Injections in the Treatment of Pubic Symphysis Pain.” Pain Medicine 2011 12(12), 1831–1835.


  1. Plastaras CT, Joshi AB, Garvan C, Chimes GP, Smeal W, Rittenberg J, Lento P, Stanos S, Fitzgerald C. "Adverse events associated with fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint injections." PM&R Journal July 2012 4(7), 473-478. PMID 22543036


  1. Visco CJ, Kennedy DJ, Chimes GP, Rittenberg J, McLean J, Dawson P, Margolis S, Ihm J, Sliwa J, Smeal W, Sorosky B, Plastaras C. “Programmatic Design for Teaching the Introductory Skills and Concepts of Lumbar Spine Procedures to Physiatry Residents A Prospective Multiyear Study.” American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 92(3): 248-257, March 2013.


  1. McCormick Z, Plastaras C. “Lumbosacral transforaminal epidural steroid injections are equally effective for treatment of lumbosacral radicular pain in the obese compared to non-obese population: A pilot study.” Journal of Back & Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2013 Jan 1;26(2):183-8. doi: 10.3233/BMR-130366.


  1. Kennedy DJ, Schneider B, Casey E, Rittenberg J, Conrad B, Smuck M, Plastaras CT. "Vasovagal Rates in Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures: A Study of Over 8,000 Injections." Pain Medicine 2013 (14:12): 1854-1859.


  1. Plastaras C, Appasamy M, Sayeed Y, McLaughlin C, Charles J, Joshi A, Macron D, Pukenas B. “Fluoroscopy Procedure and Equipment Changes to Reduce Staff Radiation Exposure in the Interventional Spine Suite.” Pain Physician. 2013 (16): E731-E738.


  1. Marciniak C, Caldera F, Welty L, Lai J, Lento P, Feldman E, Sered H, Sayeed Y, Plastaras C. “High-Resolution Median Nerve Sonographic Measurements Correlations With Median Nerve Conduction Studies in Healthy Adults.” J Ultrasound Med 2013; 32:2091–2098.


  1. Kennedy DJ, Plastaras C, Casey E, Visco CJ, Rittenberg JD, Conrad B, Sigler J, Dreyfuss P. “Comparative Effectiveness of Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections with Particulate Versus Nonparticulate Corticosteroids for Lumbar Radicular Pain due to Intervertebral Disc Herniation: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.” Pain Medicine (2014) 1526-2375.


  1. Schneider B, Kennedy DJ, Casey E, Smuck M, Conrad B, Plastaras C. “Trainee Involvement in Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections Associated With Increased Incidence of Vasovagal Reactions.” PM&R Journal 6 (10) October 2014:914 -919. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.003


  1. Plastaras C, McCormick Z, Macron D, Garvan C, Joshi A, Chimes G, Smeal W, Rittenberg J. "Adverse Events Associated with Fluoroscopically Guided Zygapophyseal Joint Injections." Pain Physician 17 (2014): 297-304.


  1. McCormick Z, Cushman D, Casey E, Garvan C, Kennedy DJ, Plastaras C. "Factors Associated with Pain Reduction after Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbosacral Radicular Pain." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.07.404.


  1. McCormick Z, Margolis S, Temme K, Rivers E, Cameron SA, Smith MC, Rohr A, Zander E, Garvan C, Kennedy DJ, Plastaras C. “Concordant Pain Provocation During Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbosacral Radiculopathy: Effect on Pain Outcome and Predictive Factors” Pain Physician. January/February 2015 (18:1): E19-E26.

  2. Kennedy DJ, Schneider B, Smuck M, Plastaras CT. "The Use of Moderate Sedation for the Secondary Prevention of Adverse Vasovagal Reactions" Pain Medicine. April 2015 (16:4): 673 -679.

  3. Cushman D, McCormick Z, Casey E, Plastaras CT. “Discrepancies in Describing Pain: Is There Agreement Between Numeric Rating Scale Scores and Pain Reduction Percentage Reported by Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain After Corticosteroid Injection?” Pain Medicine 2015 (16:5): 870-876.


  1. Sung W, Abraham M, Plastaras C, Silfies SP. “Trunk Motor Control Deficits in Acute and Subacute Low Back Pain are Not Associated with Pain or Fear of Movement” The Spine Journal 2015, Volume 15, Issue 8, Pages 1772–1782.


  1. McCormick Z, Kennedy DJ, Garvan C, Rivers E, Temme K, Margolis S, Zander E, Rohr A, Smith MC, Plastaras C. "Comparison of Pain Score Reduction Using Triamcinolone vs. Betamethasone in Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections for Lumbosacral Radicular Pain." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2015. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000296. PMID:25888660


  1. McCormick Z, Cushman D, Caldwell M, Marshall B, Ghannad L, Eng C, Patel J, Makovitch S, Chu SK, Babu AN, Walega DR, Marciniak C, Press J, Kennedy DJ, Plastaras C. Does Electrodiagnostic Confirmation of Radiculopathy Predict Pain Reduction after Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection? A Multicenter Study. Journal of Nature and Science, 1(8) 2015:e140. PMID:26251843


  1. Plastaras C, McCormick Z, Garvan C, Macron D, Joshi A, Chimes G, Smeal W, Rittenberg J, Kennedy DJ. "Adverse Events Associated With Fluoroscopically Guided Lumbosacral Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections." The Spine Journal (Volume 15, Issue 10, 1 October 2015, Pages 2157–2165). PMID 26065819; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.05.034


  1. Zhang Y, Chee A, Shi P, Adams SL, Markova DZ, Anderson DG, Smith HE, Deng Y, Plastaras CT, An HS. "Intervertebral Disc Cells Produce Interleukins Found in Patients with Back Pain." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Publish Ahead of Print, October 22, 2015. PMID 26495812


  1. Joshi AB, McCormick ZL, Sully K, Garvan C, Plastaras CT. "Factors That Predict Satisfaction With Medical Care: Data From 27,212 Injured Workers Surveyed for 14 Years" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Nov 12 2015. [Epub ahead of print] DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000578. PMID: 26565708


  1. Plastaras C, McCormick Z, Nguyen C, Rho M, Nack SH, Roth D, Casey E, Carneiro K, Cucchiara A, Press J, McLean J, Caldera F. "Is Hip Abduction Strength Asymmetry Present in Female Runners in the Early Stages of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?" The American Journal of Sports Medicine 43(11), November 2015: doi: 10.1177/0363546515611632. PMID 26566993.


  1. El‐Yahchouchi CA, Plastaras CT, Maus TP, Carr CM, McCormick ZL, Geske JR, Smuck M, Pingree MJ, Kennedy DJ. "Adverse Event Rates Associated with Transforaminal and Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections: A Multi‐Institutional Study." Pain Medicine (2015 Nov 23). doi: 10.1111/pme.12896. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26593277


  1. Plastaras CT, Popescu A, McLaughlin CA, Sanderson SO, Biaesch AG, Bosley JC, Kaplan B, Pukenas BA. “C-Arm Fluoroscope Angle Settings for Fluoroscopically Guided Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections” Pain Medicine 2015; 0: 1-7 doi 10.1093/pnv013.


  1. McCormick ZL, Slipman C, Kotcharian A, Chhatre A, Bender FJ, Salam A, Menkin S, Kennedy DJ, Plastaras C. Percutaneous Lumbar Disc Decompression Using the Dekompressor: A Prospective Long-Term Outcome Study. Pain Medicine. 2016 Feb 24:pnv122. PMID 26917626.

  2. McCormick ZL, Cushman D, Marshall B, Caldwell M, Patel J, Ghannad L, Eng C, Makovitch S, Babu A, Chu SK, Marciniak C, Walega DR, Press J, Plastaras C, Kennedy DJ. Pain Reduction and Repeat Injections After Transforaminal Epidural Injection With Particulate Versus Nonparticulate Steroid for the Treatment of Chronic Painful Lumbosacral Radiculopathy. PM&R Journal. 2016 Apr 6. PMID 27060648.

  3. Carr CM, Plastaras CT, Pingree MJ, Smuck M, Maus TP, Geske JR, El-Yahchouchi CA, McCormick ZL, Kennedy DJ. Immediate Adverse Events in Interventional Pain Procedures: A Multi-Institutional Study. Pain Medicine. 2016 Apr 15:pnw051. PMID: 27084412.

  4. Bress A, Metzler S, Plastaras C, Nguyen C, Schuster JM, Pukenas B. “’Scout No Scan’ Technique Reduces Patient Radiation Exposure During CT-Guided Spine Biopsy‎“ American Journal of Roentgenology. 2017 Nov; Vol.209(5), p.1158-1161‎. PMID: 28834446

  5. Akuthota V, Marshall B, Boimbo S, Osborne MC, Garvan CS, Garvan GJ, Buzanowska M, Sauerwein K, Sridhar BV, Plastaras CT. Clinical Course of Motor Deficits from Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Due to Disc Herniation. PM&R. 2019 Jan 28. PMID: 30689304

  6. McCormick ZL, Lehman VT, Plastaras CT, Walega DR, Huddleston III P, Moussallem C, Geske JR, Verdoorn JT, Kennedy DJ, Maus TP, Carr CM. Low-pressure Lumbar Provocation Discography According to Spine Intervention Society/International Association for the Study of Pain Standards Does Not Cause Acceleration of Disc Degeneration in Patients with Symptomatic Low Back Pain: A 7 Year Matched Cohort Study. Spine. 2019 Aug 5. PMID: 31261283

  7. Dillingham T, Annaswamy TM, Plastaras CT. Evaluation of Persons with Suspected Lumbosacral and Cervical Radiculopathy: Electrodiagnostic Assessment and Implications for Treatment and Outcomes (PART I) [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 17]. Muscle Nerve. 2020;10.1002/mus.26997. doi:10.1002/mus.26997. PMID: 32557709

  8. Dillingham T, Annaswamy TM, Plastaras CT. Evaluation of Persons with Suspected Lumbosacral and Cervical Radiculopathy: Electrodiagnostic Assessment and Implications for Treatment and Outcomes (PART II) [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 21]. Muscle Nerve. 2020;10.1002/mus.27008. doi:10.1002/mus.27008. PMID: 32564381

  9. Dillingham T, Kenia J, Popescu A, Plastaras C, Becker S, Shofer F. Pain Outcomes with an Elliptical Regimen (POWER) Study: Identifying the Proper Dosage of Exercise for Therapeutic Effect in Persons with Chronic Back Pain. Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2020; 2, 23 – 28. PMCID: PMC7377601, PMID: 32705088

Editorials, Reviews, Chapters:

  1. Plastaras CT: “Electrodiagnostic Challenges in the Evaluation of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis” Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 14:57-69, February 2003.

  2. Plastaras C. “A New Age: RIC makes recommendations for adopting technology” feature article in Advance for Directors in Rehabilitation vol 12, number 9, September 2003, p 87-90.

  3. Press JM, Plastaras CT, Wiesner SL. Physical Modalities and Pain Management in Frontera, W (ed), Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries, Malden, MA, Blackwell Science, 204-231, 2003.

  4. Sorosky B, Press J, Plastaras C, Rittenberg J “The Practical Management of Achilles Tendinopathy” Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 14(1): 40-44, January 2004.

  5. Frank LW, Fredericson M, Furman MB, Plastaras CT, Robinson HW. Musculoskeletal Practice After Residency. Physiatric Association of Spine, Sports, and Occupational Rehabilitation Task Force, AAPM&R, 2004.

  6. Plastaras C, Rittenberg, J, Rittenberg K, Press J, Akuthota V. “Comprehensive Functional Evaluation of the Injured Runner” Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 16(3): 623-649, August 2005.

  7. Rittenberg J, Plastaras C. Invited Review on Radiation Safety for the Spine Provider, SpineLine May/June 2006 vol 7 Issue 3, p 9-13.

  8. Plastaras CT. Book Review of "Minimally Invasive Musculoskeletal Pain Medicine, 1st Edition" Journal of the American College of Surgeons 206 (6) (2008): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.02.027 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1072751508002846

  9. Plastaras CT, Sowa G, Sorosky B. Lumbar Degenerative Disc in Slipman CW, Derby R, Simeone FA, and, et al. Interventional Spine: An Algorithmic Approach, Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier, 813-826, 2008.

  10. Cifu D, Plastaras C, Prather H. PM&R fellowship training. PM&R Journal. 2009 Dec;1(12):1104-8.

  11. Bayruns TJ, Angiolillo F, Beery T, Plastaras C. “Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Following a Two Level IDET Procedure: A Case Study.” Orthopedic Physical Therapy Practice Vol 23;4:2011: 198-202.

  12. Plastaras CT. F-Waves in Visco CJ, Chimes GP. McLean Course in Electrodiagnostic Medicine, New York, DemosMedical, 37-41, 2011.

  13. Plastaras CT, Casey E, Goodman BS, Chou L, Roth D, Rittenberg J, Intradiscal Injections Following Transforaminal Block-Etiology and Evidence for Withholding Prophylactic Antibiotics Response. Pain Medicine. 2011; 12: 1691.

  14. Plastaras CT, Schran S, Kim N, Sorosky S, Darr D, Chen MS, Lansky R. “Complementary and Alternative Treatment for Neck Pain: Chiropractic, Acupuncture, TENS, Massage, Yoga, Tai Chi, and Feldenkrais.” Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 2011 22 (3): 521–537.

  15. Plastaras CT, Joshi AB. The Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Neck Pain. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 22 (2011) 429–438, 2011.

  16. Plastaras CT, Joshi AB. The Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Radiculopathy. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 22(1):59-74, February 2011.

  17. Plastaras CT, Pang S. Cervical Spine Injuries and Conditions. in Harrast M & Finoff, J. Sports Medicine: Study Guide and Review for Boards. Demos Medical, 199-208, 2011.

  18. Plastaras CT, Beery TP, Chhatre AM. “Non-Operative Management of a Cervical Zygoapophyseal Joint Cyst: Case Report.” Journal of Pain & Relief 2(116), 2167-0846 doi:10.4172/2167-0846.1000116 2013.

  19. Vasudevan JM, Plastaras C, Becker S. Cervical Radiculopathy in Wyss JF, Patel AD. Therapeutic Programs for Musculoskeletal Disorder, New York, DemosMedical, 279-288, 2013.

  20. Plastaras CT, Schran S, Kim N, Darr D, Chen MS. Manipulative Therapy (Feldenkrais, Massage, Chiropractic Manipulation) for Neck Pain. Current Rheumatology Reports, Volume 15, Issue 7. 2013.

  21. Plastaras CT, Fang J. Meniscus injuries of the knee. PM&R Knowledge NOW/American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. http://me.aapmr.org/kn/article.html?id=141 . Published 9/20/13.

  22. Furman MB, Plastaras CT, Popescu A, Tekmyster G, Davidoff S, Kennedy DJ. "Should Antiplatelet Medications Be Held Before Cervical Epidural Injections?" PM&R Journal 6, no. 5 (2014): 442-450.

  23. Plastaras CT, Chhatre A, Kotcharian AS. "Perioperative Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Traction Injuries." Orthopedic Clinics of North America 45.1 (2014): 55-63.

  24. Plastaras CT, Chhatre A, Kotcharian AS. "Perioperative Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Traction Injuries." Orthopedic Clinics of North America 45.1 (2014): 47-53.

  25. Plastaras CT, Fang J, Gleason W. Peripheral neuropathies associate with systemic disease. PM&R Knowledge NOW/American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. http://me.aapmr.org/kn/article.html?id=283 . Published 9/20/14.

  26. McCormick Z, Plastaras C. "Transforaminal epidural steroid injection in the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pain caused by epidural lipomatosis: A case series and review." Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation 27, no. 2 (2014): 181-190.

  27. Plastaras CT, Schran S, Constantino J. “Complementary and alternative medicine for neck pain: Focus on manipulative therapies-chiropractic and osteopathic techniques.” TANG 4, no. 4 (2014): 25-28.

  28. Kennedy DJ, Plastaras C, Casey E, Visco CJ, Rittenberg JD, Conrad B, Sigler J, Dreyfuss P. "Response to Dr. Candido et al." Pain Medicine (2014) doi: 10.1111/pme.12573.

  29. Plastaras CT, Kotcharian AS, Chhatre A. Lumbar Epidural Injections: Review of Efficacy and Discussion of Practice Options. Journal of Orthopedics & Rheumatology 2015;2(1): 12.

  30. Plastaras CT, Huang LY, Metzger CJ, Sorosky S. “Yoga Therapy for Management of Neck and Low Back Pain” Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy 5(4) 2015 http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/yoga-therapy-for-management-of-neck-and-low-back-pain-2157-7595-1000215.pdf

  31. McCormick Z, Kennedy DJ, Garvan C, Rivers E, Temme K, Margolis S, Zander E, Rohr A, Smith MC, Plastaras C. "Response to: Letter to the Editor Regarding Comparison of Pain Score Reduction Using Triamcinolone vs. Betamethasone in Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections for Lumbosacral Radicular Pain." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2015 APR 16 [epub ahead of print]

  32. Kennedy DJ, Schneider B, Smuck M, Plastaras CT. “Response to Letter by Dr. Lipetz.” Pain Medicine. (August 2015) doi: 10.1111/pme.12879. PMID:26272826

  33. Plastaras C, Tsay T, Schran S, Zhang Y, Becker S, Pukenas B. “Vertebral Benign Notochordal Cell Tumor (BNCT) as Incidental Finding in Cervical Radiculitis.” PM&R Journal. 2015 Aug 7. pii: S1934-1482(15)00922-3. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.07.013. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID 26261025

  34. Plastaras CT, Tsay T. Injury Prevention and Return to Competition in Biagioli B. Advanced Concepts of Strength & Conditioning. National Council on Strength & Fitness, 623-627, 2015.

  35. Plastaras CT, Tsay T. Common Sports Injuries in Biagioli B. Advanced Concepts of Strength & Conditioning. National Council on Strength & Fitness, 627-655, 2015.

  36. Plastaras CT, Appasamy M. Interventional Procedures for Musculoskeletal Pain in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Efficacy and Safety in Fitzgerald CM, Segal NA. Musculoskeletal Health in Pregnancy and Postpartum. Springer, 115-134, 2015.

  37. Plastaras C, Buzanowska M. Cervical Radiculopathy. PM&R Knowledge NOW/American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. http://me.aapmr.org/kn/article.html?id=114 . Published 5/5/2016.

  38. Safaeian P, Mattie R, Hahn M, Plastaras CT, McCormick ZL, 2016. Novel Treatment of Radicular Pain With a Multi-Mechanistic Combination Topical Agent: A Case Series and Literature Review. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine 6(2);e33322. March 1, 2016. doi: 10.5812/aapm.33322

  39. Buzanowska M, Bonner W, Zhang Y, Plastaras C. Zygapophysial Joint Blocks and Radiofrequency Ablation. In Tonetta III P, Tannoury T, Anderson DG, Tannoury C. Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2017.

  40. Lee H, Plastaras C. Functional rehabilitation. PM&R Knowledge NOW/American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Practice.;134:28-860. https://now.aapmr.org/functional-rehabilitation/ Published 9/06/2018.